Phocas

CATALOGUE

SEAR

ARMENIAN

COINS

EMPERORS

ANONYMOUS

FOLLIS

ARAB-BYZANTINE

COINS

Phocas

Intro ....

(602-610)

CONSTANTINOPLE

Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Constantinople mint. Sear 616.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Constantinople mint. Sear 617.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in field to right, ɴ; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Constantinople mint. Sear 617ᴀ.

Obv: ᴅm . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀє ᴘᴇʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Constantinople mint. Sear 617ʙ.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀє ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Constantinople mint. Sear 618.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Constantinople mint. Sear 619.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in field to right, ɴ; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Constantinople mint. Sear 620.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . (sometimes ꓒɴ . ɴ .) ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠςч (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Constantinople mint. Sear 621.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . (sometimes ꓒɴ . ɴ .) ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠςч (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in field to right, ɴ (or и); in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Constantinople mint. Sear 622.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀє ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Bust facing, wearing consular robes and crown with pendilia, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Constantinople mint. Sear 623.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Bust facing, wearing consular robes and crown without pendilia, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV light weight solidus (= 23 siliquae). Constantinople mint. Sear 624.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . (sometimes ᴏɴ . ɴ .) ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger; in field to right, star.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in field to right, star; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV light weight solidus (= 23 siliquae). Constantinople mint. Sear 624ᴀ.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and holding globus cruciger; sometimes in field to right, star.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in field to right, star; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV light weight solidus (= 23 siliquae). Constantinople mint. Sear 625.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . (sometimes ꓒɴ . ɴ .) ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger; in field to right, star.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠςч (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in field to right, star; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV light weight solidus (= 22 siliquae). Constantinople mint. Sear 626.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . (sometimes ᴏɴ . ɴ .) ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus; in exergue, ᴏʙ + ✴.

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Phocas (602-610). AV light weight solidus (= 22 siliquae). Constantinople mint. Sear 627.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . (sometimes ꓒɴ . ɴ .) ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠςч (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus; in exergue, ᴏʙ + ✴.

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Phocas (602-610). AV light weight solidus (= 20 siliquae). Constantinople mint. Sear 628.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . (sometimes ᴏɴ . ɴ .) ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long cross and globus; in exergue, ᴏʙxx.

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Phocas (602-610). AV light weight solidus (= 23 siliquae). Constantinople mint. Sear 629.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . (sometimes ꓒɴ . ɴ .) ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠςч (followed by officina letter). Angel standing facing, holding long cross and globus; in exergue, ᴏʙxx.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Semissis. Constantinople mint. Sear 630.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardless.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ. Victory advancing right, head left, holding wreath and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Semissis. Constantinople mint. Sear 630ᴀ.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardless.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ. Victory advancing right, head right, holding wreath and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Semissis. Constantinople mint. Sear 631.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs (or ꜰᴏcᴀ .) ᴘᴘ . (or ᴘєʀᴘ .) ᴀᴠɢ. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardless.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠςч. Victory advancing right, head left, holding wreath and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Semissis. Constantinople mint. Sear 631ᴀ.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs (or ꜰᴏcᴀ .) ᴘᴘ . (or ᴘєʀᴘ .) ᴀᴠɢ. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardless.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ. Victory advancing right, head left, holding wreath and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Tremissis. Constantinople mint. Sear 632.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, bearded, sometimes with cross above.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ (followed by greek numeral representing the year of the indiction). Cross potent, cᴏɴᴏʙ beneath.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Tremissis. Constantinople mint. Sear 633.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or ᴀᴠ.) Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardedless.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀı ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴀᴠɢ . (or ᴀᴠɢч). Cross potent, cᴏɴᴏʙ beneath.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Tremissis. Constantinople mint. Sear 634.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀ . (or ᴘєʀᴘ.) ᴀᴠɢ . Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardedless.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀı ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴀᴠς . (or ᴀᴠ . or ᴀς .) Cross potent, cᴏɴᴏʙ beneath.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Half tremissis. Constantinople mint. Sear 635.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀ . ᴀᴠ . Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardedless.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀı ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴀᴠ. Cross potent, cᴏɴᴏʙ beneath.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Half tremissis. Constantinople mint. Sear 635ᴀ.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or ᴀᴠ.) Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardedless.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀı ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴀᴠɢ. Cross potent, cᴏɴᴏʙ beneath.

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Phocas (602-610). AR 8 siliquae (c. 13.85g). Constantinople mint. Sear 636.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.

Rev: Cross potent between two palms.

Notes: ceremonial issue

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Phocas (602-610). AR Miliarense (c. 3.45g). Constantinople mint. Sear 637.

Obv: ꓒɴ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.

Rev: Cross potent between two palms.

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Phocas (602-610). AR Miliarense (c. 3.45g). Constantinople mint. Sear 637ᴀ.

Obv: ꓒ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.

Rev: Cross potent between two palms.

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Phocas (602-610). AR Siliqua (c. 1.55g). Constantinople mint. Sear 638.

Obv: ꓒ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.

Rev: Cross potent between two palms.

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Phocas (602-610). AR Siliqua (c. 1.55g). Constantinople mint. Sear 638ᴀ.

Obv: ꓒ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.

Rev: Cross potent between two palms.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Constantinople mint. Sear 639.

Obv: ∂m . ꜰᴏcᴀє ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . Phocas (left) and the empress Leontia (right) standing facing; Phocas is holding globus cruciger, Leontia (nimbate) holding cruciform scepter; between their heads, cross.

Rev: Large m between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; above, cross (or rarely, ⳨); in exergue, cᴏɴ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Constantinople mint. Sear 640.

Obv: ∂m . ꜰᴏcᴀє ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . or ∂m . (or ꓒ . ɴ . or ꓒɴ . ɴ .) ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross (or, rarely, eagle-tipped scepter); sometimes with cross or star in field to left, or with crosses in field to left and right.

Rev: Large xxxx; above, ᴀɴɴᴏ; usually to right, numerals representing regnal year; in exergue, cᴏɴ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ ¾ Follis. Constantinople mint. Sear 641.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned, draped and cuirassed bust facing.

Rev: Large xxx; above, cross; to right, numerals representing regnal year; in exergue, cᴏɴ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Constantinople mint. Sear 642.

Obv: ∂m . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Phocas (left) and the empress Leontia (right) standing facing; Phocas is holding globus cruciger, Leontia (nimbate) holding cruciform scepter; between their heads, cross.

Rev: Large xx; above, cross (or rarely, ⳨); in exergue, cᴏɴ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Constantinople mint. Sear 643.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: Large xx; above, cross; in exergue, cᴏɴ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Constantinople mint. Sear 644.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: Large xx; above, star; in exergue, cᴏɴ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Decanummium. Constantinople mint. Sear 645.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar, usually incomplete). Crowned and cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger and shield.

Rev: Large x; cross above.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Decanummium. Constantinople mint. Sear 646.

Obv: ∂m . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned, draped and cuirassed bust facing.

Rev: Large x; cross above.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Pentanummium. Constantinople mint. Sear 647.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏc . ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠ . (or similar). Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, usually beardless (but occasionally bearded).

Rev: Large ч.

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THESSALONICA

Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Thessalonica mint. Sear 648.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ . ᴛ or ᴘ. Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Thessalonica mint. Sear 649.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀє ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ . ⲑ. Angel standing facing, holding long cross and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Semissis. Thessalonica mint. Sear 650.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀє ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, bearded, cross above.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢꜱ . Victory advancing right, head left, holding wreath and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Tremissis. Thessalonica mint. Sear 651.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏᴋᴀ + ꜱ ᴘᴘ. ᴀᴠɢ. (or similar) Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardless.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢᴠsᴛᴏʀᴠᴍ (usually blundered) . Victory advancing right, head left, holding wreath and globus cruciger; in field to right, star; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Tremissis. Thessalonica mint. Sear 652.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀє ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, bearded, cross above.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢᴠsᴛᴏʀᴠm. Victory advancing right, head left, holding wreath and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Thessalonica mint. Sear 653.

Obv: ᴏm . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross (rarely, the cross is held in the right hand and the mappa in the left).

Rev: Large xxxx; above, ᴀɴɴᴏ; to right, numerals representing regnal year; in exergue, ᴛєꜱ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Thessalonica mint. Sear 654.

Obv: ᴏm . ꜰᴏcᴀє ᴘєʀᴘ . (or ᴘᴘ.) ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned, draped and cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger.

Rev: Large ᴋ between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; above, cross; below, ᴛєꜱ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Thessalonica mint. Sear 654ᴀ.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned, draped and cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger.

Rev: Large xx (with pellet between); above, cross; to right, numerals representing regnal year; in exergue, ᴛєꜱ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Thessalonica mint. Sear 655.

Obv: ᴏm . ꜰᴏcᴀ . єʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Phocas (left) and Leontia (right) standing facing; Phocas is holding globus cruciger, Leontia (nimbate) holding cruciform scepter; between their heads, cross.

Rev: Large xx; above, cross; in exergue, ᴛєꜱ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Thessalonica mint. Sear 656.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: Large xx; above, cross; in exergue, ᴛєꜱ.

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NICOMEDIA

Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Nicomedia mint. Sear 657.

Obv: ∂m . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ıɴᴘєʀ . ᴀᴠ . (or similar). Phocas (left) and Leontia (right) standing facing (sometimes on dais); Phocas is holding globus cruciger, Leontia (nimbate) holding cruciform scepter.

Rev: Large m between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; above, cross; in exergue, ɴıᴋᴏ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Nicomedia mint. Sear 658.

Obv: ∂m . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘєʀ . ᴀᴠς . Bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and consular robes, and holding mappa and eagle-tipped scepter.

Rev: Large xxxx; above, ᴀɴɴᴏ; to right, numerals representing regnal year; in exergue, ɴıᴋᴏ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Nicomedia mint. Sear 659.

Obv: ∂m . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘєʀ . ᴀᴠς . Bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: Large xxxx; above, ᴀɴɴᴏ; to right, numerals representing regnal year; sometimes in field to left, star; in exergue, ɴıᴋᴏ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ ¾ Follis. Nicomedia mint. Sear 660.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . Crowned, draped and cuirassed bust facing.

Rev: Large xxx; above, cross; to right, numerals representing regnal year; in exergue, ɴıᴋᴏ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Nicomedia mint. Sear 661.

Obv: ∂m . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . Phocas (left) and Leontia (right) standing facing; Phocas is holding globus cruciger, Leontia (nimbate) holding cruciform scepter; between their heads, cross.

Rev: Large xx; above, cross; in exergue, ɴıᴋᴏ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Nicomedia mint. Sear 662.

Obv: ∂m . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘєʀ . ᴀᴠς . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: Large xx; above, cross; in exergue, ɴıᴋᴏ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Nicomedia mint. Sear 663.

Obv: ∂m . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘєʀ . ᴀᴠς . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: Large xx; above, cross; to right, numerals representing regnal year; sometimes to left, star; in exergue, ɴıᴋᴏ or ɴıᴋ (followed by officina letter).

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CYZICUS

Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Cyzicus mint. Sear 664.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴠɴᴘєʀ . ᴀᴠ . or ∂m . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Phocas (left) and Leontia (right) standing facing; Phocas is holding globus cruciger, Leontia (nimbate) holding cruciform scepter; between their heads, cross (or globus cruciger).

Rev: Large m between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; above, cross; in exergue, ᴋʏᴢ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Cyzicus mint. Sear 665.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross; usually in field to left, small cross.

Rev: Large xxxx; above, ᴀɴɴᴏ; to right, numerals representing regnal year; in exergue, ᴋʏᴢ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ ¾ Follis. Cyzicus mint. Sear 666.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned, draped and cuirassed bust facing.

Rev: Large xxx; above, cross; to right, numerals representing regnal year; in exergue, ᴋʏᴢ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Cyzicus mint. Sear 667.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀє ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Phocas (left) and Leontia (right) standing facing; Phocas is holding globus cruciger, Leontia (nimbate) holding cruciform scepter; between their heads, cross.

Rev: Large xx; above, cross; in exergue, ᴋʏᴢ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Cyzicus mint. Sear 668.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: Large xx; above, cross; in exergue, ᴋʏᴢ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Cyzicus mint. Sear 669.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: Large xx; above, star (sometimes of Christogram form); in exergue, ᴋʏᴢ (followed by officina letter).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Cyzicus mint. Sear 670.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: Large xx; to right, numerals representing regnal year; above, cross; in exergue, ᴋʏᴢ (followed by officina letter).

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ANTIOCH

Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Antioch mint. Sear 671.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ɴє . ᴘє . ᴀᴠ . Phocas (left) and Leontia (right) standing facing; Phocas is holding globus cruciger, Leontia (sometimes nimbate) holding cruciform scepter; between their heads, cross.

Rev: Large m between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year (sometimes above which, pellet); above, cross; in exergue, τʜєчᴘ'.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Antioch mint. Sear 672.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ɴє . ᴘє . ᴀᴠ . Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and eagle-tipped scepter.

Rev: Large m between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; above, cross; in exergue, τʜєчᴘ'.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Antioch mint. Sear 672ᴀ.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ɴє . ᴘє . ᴀᴠ . Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and globus cruciger.

Rev: Large m between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; above, cross; in exergue, τʜєчᴘ'.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Antioch mint. Sear 673.

Rev: Large xx between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; above, cross; beneath, ϱ (sometimes c).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Antioch mint. Sear 674.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ɴє . ᴘє . ᴀᴠ . Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and eagle-tipped scepter.

Rev: Large xx between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; above, cross; beneath, ϱ (sometimes c).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Antioch mint. Sear 674ᴀ.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ɴє . ᴘє . ᴀᴠ . Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and globus cruciger.

Rev: Large xx between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; above, cross; beneath, ϱ (sometimes c).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Decanummium. Antioch mint. Sear 675.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ (or ꜰᴏ.) ɴє . ᴘє . ᴀᴠ . (or similar). Phocas (left) and Leontia (right) standing facing; Phocas is holding globus cruciger, Leontia (sometimes nimbate) holding cruciform scepter; between their heads, cross.

Rev: Large x between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; above, cross; beneath, ϱ (sometimes ʀ).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Decanummium. Antioch mint. Sear 676.

Obv: ᴏ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ɴє . ᴘє . ᴀᴠ . Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and globus cruciger.

Rev: Large x between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; above, cross; beneath, ϱ (sometimes ʀ).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Pentanummium. Antioch mint. Sear 676ᴀ.

Obv: Monogram.

Rev: Large є, cross to right.

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JERUSALEM

Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Jerusalem mint. Sear 677.

Obv: ꓒ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Crowned, draped and cuirassed bust facing, holding cross.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠςч . ıⲡ . Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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ALEXANDRIA

Phocas (602-610). Æ 12 nummi. Alexandria mint. Sear 678.

Obv: No legend. Crowned bust facing, bearded, wearing consular robes (?) and holding mappa and eagle-tipped scepter.

Rev: Large ɪ ʙ with cross on two steps between; in exergue, ᴀᴧєΞ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ 12 nummi. Alexandria mint. Sear 679.

Obv: Legend unintelligible and usually only fragmentary. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardless.

Rev: Large ɪ ʙ with cross between; in exergue, ᴀᴧєΞ.

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CARTHAGE

Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Carthage mint. Sear 680.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀc ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀ . ɴ . (or ᴀᴠ . ɴ .)(followed by Greek numeral representing the year of the indiction). Crowned bust facing (with pendilia), wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ . (followed by Greek numeral representing the year of the indiction). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Carthage mint. Sear 681.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs (or ꜰᴏcᴀc) ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀɴ . (followed by Greek numeral representing the year of the indiction). Crowned (with pendilia), draped and cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Carthage mint. Sear 681ᴀ.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs (or ꜰᴏcᴀc) ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀɴ . (followed by Greek numeral representing the year of the indiction). Crowned (without pendilia), draped and cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger.

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Phocas (602-610). AR Half siliqua (c. 0.75g). Carthage mint. Sear 682.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ (or similar, usually only partially visible). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: Large ⳨ between ᴀ and ω; all within circle of dots surrounded by wreath.

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Phocas (602-610). AR Half siliqua (c. 0.75g). Carthage mint. Sear 683.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ (or similar, usually only partially visible). Crowned, draped and cuirassed bust facing.

Rev: ᴠ / ᴛᴏʀᴀ / c in three lines within circle of dots surrounded by wreath.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Carthage mint. Sear 684.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: Large xxxx; above, ᴀɴɴᴏ; to right, numerals representing regnal year; to left, star; in exergue, ᴋʀᴛҁ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Carthage mint. Sear 685.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . (or ꜰᴏcᴀc) ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀ . (or ᴀᴠ .) ɴ . (followed by Greek numeral representing the year of the indiction). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa in right hand.

Rev: Large cross, ꜰ—ᴏ / c—ᴀ in the angles, pellet on either side; beneath, xx between 2 pellets.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Carthage mint. Sear 686.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross.

Rev: Large xx, with pellet between (and sometimes also one beneath each x); above, cross; to left, star; to right, Greek numeral representing regnal year; in exergue, ᴋʀᴛҁ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Decanummium. Carthage mint. Sear 687.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . (or ꜰᴏcᴀc or ꜰᴏcᴀs) ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠ . (followed by Greek numeral representing the year of the indiction). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes.

Rev: Cross dividing ꜰᴏ—cᴀ, each with pellet above and beneath; x beneath cross.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Decanummium. Carthage mint. Sear 688.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned, draped and cuirassed bust facing.

Rev: Large x between ɴ and ᴍ, each with pellet above and beneath; above, cross; beneath, star.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Pentanummium. Carthage mint. Sear 689.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes (?).

Rev: Large ᴠ between two stars, each with pellet above and beneath; above, cross (?).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Pentanummium. Carthage mint. Sear 690.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠ . (or similar). Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes.

Rev: є between ɴ and ᴍ (each with pellet above and beneath); crosses above and beneath є.

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CATANIA

Phocas (602-610). Æ Decanummium. Catania mint. Sear 691.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀc ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Crowned (sometimes with pendilia), draped and cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger.

Rev: Large ɪ between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; in exergue, cᴀᴛ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Pentanummium. Catania mint. Sear 692.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠ. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, bearded.

Rev: Large ᴠ two stars; in exergue, cᴀᴛ.

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ROME

Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Rome mint. Sear 693.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢ . є . (or ᴀᴠ . є . ɢ.). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Rome mint. Sear 693ᴀ.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . г. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢ . ⲑ . Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Tremissis. Rome mint. Sear 693ʙ.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardless.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢ . (or ᴀᴠɢᴛᴏʀᴠɴ) . Victory advancing right, holding wreath and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Tremissis. Rome mint. Sear 693ᴄ.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘє . ᴀᴠɢ . Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, bearded.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢ . ı. Victory advancing right, holding wreath and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Rome mint. Sear 694.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: Large xx, cross above; in exergue, ʀᴏᴍ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Rome mint. Sear 694ᴀ.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: Large xx, cross above; in exergue, ʀᴏᴍ (no exergual line).

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Decanummium. Rome mint. Sear 695.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠ . Cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: Large x.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Decanummium. Rome mint. Sear 696.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs . ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger.

Rev: Large x.

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RAVENNA

Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Ravenna mint. Sear 697.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀє (or ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ) ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown with pendilia, and holding globus cruciger; heavy annular border.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢɢ . (followed by letter representing regnal year). Angel standing facing, holding long staff surmounted by ⳨, and globus cruciger; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ; heavy annular border.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Ravenna mint. Sear 698.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. (sometimes with cross at beginning of legend, sometimes with pellet at beginning and cross at end). Draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing crown without pendilia, and holding globus cruciger; heavy annular border.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Solidus. Ravenna mint. Sear 699.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Crowned bust facing, wearing consular robes, and holding mappa and cross; heavy annular border.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Tremissis. Ravenna mint. Sear 700.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ (or similar). Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardless; heavy annular border.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢᴠsᴛᴏʀᴠɴ . Victory advancing right, head left, holding wreath and globus cruciger; in field (sometimes to left, sometimes to right), star; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ; heavy annular border.

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Phocas (602-610). AV Tremissis. Ravenna mint. Sear 701.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ (or similar). Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, bearded, with cross above diadem; heavy annular border.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢᴠsᴛᴏʀᴠɴ . Victory advancing right, head left, holding wreath and globus cruciger; in field to right, star; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ; heavy annular border.

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Phocas (602-610). AR 120 nummi or ¼ siliqua (c. 0.42g). Ravenna mint. Sear 702.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ (or similar). Diademed bust right, beardless, wearing robe, sometimes with cross above diadem.

Rev: Large ϕᴋ within wreath.

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Phocas (602-610). AR 120 nummi or ¼ siliqua (c. 0.42g). Ravenna mint. Sear 703.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀꜱ ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ (or similar). Diademed bust right, bearded, wearing robe, sometimes with cross above diadem.

Rev: Large ϕᴋ within wreath.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Ravenna mint. Sear 704.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀ . ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠ . Crowned (draped and cuirassed ?) bust facing, holding globus cruciger.

Rev: Large ᴍ between ᴀɴɴᴏ and numerals representing regnal year; above, cross; beneath, г; in exergue, ʀᴠᴇɴ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Follis. Ravenna mint. Sear 705.

Obv: ∂ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . Crowned, draped and cuirassed bust facing, holding mappa and globus cruciger.

Rev: xx / xx in two lines with star in the middle (sometimes with pellet between each vertical pair of x’s, and above and below the star); above, ᴀɴɴ (followed by numerals representing regnal year); in exergue, ʀᴀᴠ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Ravenna mint. Sear 706.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀɢ . Crowned, draped and cuirassed bust facing, holding globus cruciger.

Rev: Large ᴋ, cross above; to left and right, ʀ—ᴀ; ᴠᴇɴᴀ beneath.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Half follis. Ravenna mint. Sear 707.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs єʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . (or similar). Crowned, draped and cuirassed bust facing, holding cross.

Rev: Large xx with star between; in exergue, ʀᴀᴠ.

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Phocas (602-610). Æ Decanummium. Ravenna mint. Sear 708.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘєʀᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ . Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right.

Rev: Large x, star above; to left and right, ʀ—ᴀ; ᴠᴇɴ beneath.

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SPAIN (CARTHAGENA ?)

Phocas (602-610). AV Tremissis. Spanish mint (Carthagena ?). Sear 709.

Obv: ᴅ . ɴ . ꜰᴏcᴀs ᴘᴘ . ᴀᴠɢ. Diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right, beardless, cross or circlet above diadem.

Rev: ᴠıcᴛᴏʀıᴀ ᴀᴠɢᴠ . Cross potent on 3 steps; in exergue, cᴏɴᴏʙ.

…

Phocas’ reign lasted from 23 November 602, when he was crowned emperor by the patriarch Cyriacus, to 5 October 610, when he was put to death by Heraclius. He assumed the consulship in December 603, probably on Christmas Day. His coinage in North Africa and Egypt ended in 608, with the revolt of Heraclius and the occupation of these two provinces by the troops of the future emperor. For most mints his dated coins cover Years 1-8, but at Carthage they stop in Indiction 11 (i.e. 607/8) and at Cyzicus there are anomalous folles of Year 9—the only two specimens recorded share a single obverse die— presumably struck by a dated die prepared in anticipation of this year and brought into use before the news of his overthrow reached the mint.

The two most striking features of the coinage are the use of what is clearly intended as a genuine portrait, with shaggy hair and short, pointed beard, and the association of his wife Leontia with him on much of the copper coinage in the East. This was contrary to strict protocol, since she had not provided him with a male heir, but was evidently suggested by the existence of the Cherson coinage showing Maurice and Constantina, which provided the model for the type. At Constantinople the joint coinage is only found for Years 1 and 2, coins of the latter year being very rare; evidently it ended in December 603, when Phocas became consul and replaced it with that showing his own bust in con- sular robes. The fact that this second series includes a thirty-nummus piece shows it to have been inspired by the similar coinage of Tiberius II, though Phocas is shown holding a mappa and a cross instead of a mappa and an eagle-topped scepter. The consular type was subsequently adopted, with varying degrees of delay, at the other Eastern mints. At Antioch, where it was only introduced in the last year of the reign, the design was directly modeled on that of Tiberius, with the traditional form of scepter. This mint likewise retained the form M for the mark of value on the follis; in other mints this had been replaced by XXXX when the consular type of obverse had been introduced.

The shortness of Phocas’ name led to the customary PP being extended on much of the coinage into PЄR(P), as had been done long before, for the same reason, under Leo I and Zeno. The change was a source of some confusion to the die-sinkers at Nicomedia, Cyzicus, and Antioch who connected the PЄR with imperator rather than perpetuus and sometimes prefaced it with IN or N. A change of some significance for dating the solidi was the replacement of the traditional VICTORIA AVCC, found on the early coins, by VICTORIA AVGЧ. This forceful repudiation of any idea of collegiality (Augusti instead of Augustorum) can be ascribed to 607, when Phocas took great offense at what he considered a popular move towards associating his son-in-law Priscus with him as junior Augustus.

The gold coinage, other than that of Carthage and Ravenna, is undated, but the solidi of Constantinople can be divided into broad chronological categories on the basis of variations in type or inscription. The AVGЧ coins, which all show Phocas wearing a crown without pendilia, belong to 607-610. The AVCC coins form two main series, one showing a crown with pendilia and the other one without them. Other details of the bust were refashioned at the same time: e.g. the emperor’s eyelids, which had been shown on the coins with pendilia, were omitted, each eye being reduced to a single pellet. The first series, which is rare, can be dated to 602/3, the second to 603-607, the division between them being marked by the existence of consular solidi which in some cases have pendilia and in others have not. There are in addition several varieties of light weight solidi and coins with N in the reverse field, the meaning of this being unknown. The inscription sometimes begins with dNN instead of δN, but this seems to be without significance. Coins of 607-610 are virtually confined to officinae Є and I, a feature also characteristic of the early issues of Heraclius and probably to be explained by the contraction in imperial territory at this period.

The classification of the solidi can be conveniently set out as follows:

I. Normal bust. Rev. inscription ends CC. Pendilia on crown (602/3)

No further distinctive features 658
With N in rev. field

II. Consular bust. Rev. inscription ends CC (603)

(a) With pendilia and FOCAЄ

(b) With no pendilia and FOCAS

III. Normal bust. Rev. inscription ends CC. No pendilia (603-607)

No further distinctive features
With N in rev. field
With star in obv. and rev. fields (23 carats)
With OB + ⁕ (22 carats)
With OBXX (20 carats)

IV. Normal bust. Rev. inscription ends AVSY. No pendilia (607-610)

(a) No further distinctive features

(b) With N in rev. field

(d) With OB + ⁕ (22 carats)

(e) With OBXX (20 carats)

This numbering reverses for Classes II and III that used in my earlier study of the coinage, but it seems convenient to place the consular solidi, which all belong to 603, before those of Class III, for even though the latter may have begun earlier in 603 they continued for several years afterwards.

The classification of the copper coinage is less complicated, since the higher denominations are dated. There are normally two classes, Class I with the standing figures of Phocas and Leontia and Class 2 with the consular bust of Phocas. At Thessalonica there was a preliminary issue (Years 1 and 2) copied from the solidus, showing a bust of Phocas wearing paludamentum; the two-figure type was only introduced at the precise moment when it was about to be abandoned at Constantinople. The breakdown into Classes 1 and 2 does not apply to the lower denominations (decanummia and pentanummia) or to the West, where Leontia never appears on the coins and where the mints, as in previous reigns, seem to have done much as they pleased in the matter of design. The weight standards seems to carry on those of the preceding reign, but overstriking was general and the coins are often in poor condition.

The work of a few mints requires some further comment.

CONSTANTINOPLE

The folles and half folles have mint-marks and there are no problems of attribution. This is not true of the decanummia and pentanummia, which vary appreciably in style and should no doubt be distributed, like those of Maurice, between the three mints of Constantinople, Nicomedia, and Cyzicus—and perhaps Thessalonica also. Since the evidence available does not permit their exact attribution, they have all been catalogued here under Constantinople. Classification is not made easier by the poor condition of most specimens and the fact that large parts of the inscriptions are usually off flan.

THESSALONICA

A number of gold coins are attributed here to Thessalonica which are usually ascribed elsewhere, in most cases to Ravenna. They are as follows:

(a) Solidi with annular borders, normally a mark of Ravenna, and reverse inscriptions ending T or Θ. Their dependence on the Ravennate series is evident, but they form a group distinct in style and in the details of their design and lettering.

(b) Semisses and tremisses, identical in style, with bearded bust and FOCAЄ in the inscription. The letter form Є (instead of E) links them with the solidus having reverse inscription ending Θ; the style of the bust is also quite different from that of other tremisses with bearded bust which are certainly of Ravenna. The semissis denomination is also more likely to have been struck at Thessalonica.

(c) An anomalous tremissis with FOKAS, No. 44 below. Four specimens are known to me. It is ascribed by Tolstoi to Italy and may in fact belong to Ravenna, to whose coins it is evidently closely related. I attribute it to Thessalonica because (a) Ravenna has another series with bearded busts, (b) there are no PP solidi for Ravenna, while there are for Thessalonica, and (c) the spelling FOKAS is more likely in the East.

CYZICUS

There are folles dated ↅIII, ie. Year 9, though Phocas’ reign ended before this regnal year began. It has been suggested above that the reverse die may have been accidentally brought into use too early, but it is also possible that ↅ should be interpreted as Ч; cf. above, p. 107, and below, pp. 182-3, notes on Nos. 73-76 and 76a.

The dating of the half folles is a problem. Coins of Class I, with two standing figures, correspond to folles which are dated Year 1. Class 2, with consular bust, includes both dated coins of Years 2 and 4 and undated ones having either a cross or a star above the XX. Bellinger is inclined to place the ones with a cross between Classes 1 and 2, i.e. early in Year 2, and assign those with a star to Year 3 onwards, the dated coins of Year 4 marking a momentary reversion to an earlier type. But some of the coins with a cross seem to be later; one of those at D. O. has a crown identical with that of T. 77, a follis of Year 6. I have therefore placed both undated types after Year 4, but with some hesitation; they may have started in Year 3. Neither the presence or absence of a wreath- like border nor a comparison with the busts of the dated folles points to a solution.

ALEXANDRIA

No dodecanummia are known bearing the name of Phocas, though there is one coin (No. 105) with a bearded, facing bust which may be his. Wroth attributed to him a large number of ill-struck pieces whose blundered inscriptions sometimes recall the names of Justinian and his successors down to Maurice, but never Phocas. J. G. Milne showed from the evidence of hoards that these common pieces belong early in the reign of Herac- lius, at the latest, and Bellinger would prefer to ascribe most of them to the years 608-610, when Alexandria was occupied by the troops of the future emperor Heraclius and mint officials could escape the embarrassment of endorsing one claimant or the other by issuing small change in the names of former emperors. This would explain why the coins do not bear Phocas’ name, but it is difficult to believe that the six years in which he was recognized at Alexandria can be represented by a single coin with a facing bust, if indeed this is his at all. I have therefore preferred to follow Wroth in ascribing the coins with blundered inscriptions to the whole period 602-608, though I would also agree with Milne that many may represent local irregular issues, not products of the mint of Alexandria. Some may belong to the Persian and Muslim periods.

(from DOC vol. ll)

Phocas' coinage